This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough of the steps involved in conducting a security audit and forensic analysis on an Oracle database. The steps include defining the scope of the audit, identifying stakeholders, reviewing database configurations, conducting vulnerability assessments, and documenting findings.

1. Defining Audit/Investigation Scope & Goals: The initial step is outlining the specifics of what the audit or investigation is expected to achieve. This involves determining which parts of the database will be audited or investigated and what potential issues are being targeted.
2. Stakeholder Identification & Communication: Identification of all the relevant stakeholders is crucial. These can include database administrators, users, and IT management. The process of establishing communication channels is then put into place to ensure regular and transparent updates.
3. Review Database Architecture & Configuration: A comprehensive review of the database's architecture and configuration is performed to understand the structure and functionality of the database.
4. Review Database Security Policies & Procedures: The existing database security policies and procedures are evaluated. This includes inspecting the measures currently in place to protect the database and its data.
5. Identify & Review Access Controls: Identification of the access controls currently in place, including reviewing user accounts and their respective privileges, is done to check if access to the database is adequately managed.
6. Review Database Logs & Audit Trails: Database logs and audit trails are examined to uncover any anomalies or activities that might indicate a breach or a security risk.
7. Conduct Vulnerability Assessments & Penetration Testing: Vulnerability assessments are carried out to identify potential weak spots in the system, and penetration tests are performed to see if these vulnerabilities can be exploited.
8. Check for Regulatory Compliance & Industry Standards: Compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards is checked to ensure that the database meets necessary legal and industry-specific security benchmarks.
9. Document Findings & Recommendations: All findings from the audit or investigation are documented. Recommendations for remediation of identified issues are provided.
10. Implement Remediation Measures & Monitor for Ongoing Compliance: Remediation measures, as per the recommendations, are implemented. Continuous monitoring is performed to ensure ongoing compliance with security standards and regulations.

Scripts for Reviewing Oracle Database Architecture and Configuration

This guide provides a selection of SQL scripts that can be used to review the architecture and configuration of an Oracle database. The scripts provided allow you to check various aspects of the database including version, configuration parameters, initialization parameters, storage, memory usage, network configuration, and backup and recovery configuration.

1. Check Database Version and Patch Level: Use the following SQL commands to verify the version and patch level of your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT * FROM v$version;

   
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_registry_history;

2. Check Database Configuration Parameters: This SQL command will display all database configuration parameters.
   

   SELECT * FROM v$parameter;

3. Check Database Initialization Parameters: To check the initialization parameters of your database, run the following command.
   

   SELECT * FROM v$system_parameter;

4. Check Database Storage: This script gives you details about the database's storage configuration.
   

   SELECT tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 AS "Size (MB)", sum(maxbytes)/1024/1024 AS "Max Size (MB)" FROM dba_data_files GROUP BY tablespace_name;

5. Check Database Memory Usage: Use the following script to check the memory usage of your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT * FROM v$sgastat;

6. Check Database Network Configuration: To inspect the network configuration of your database, use this SQL command.
   

   SELECT * FROM v$listener_network;

7. Check Database Backup and Recovery Configuration: Run this command to view the backup and recovery configuration of your database.
   

   SELECT * FROM v$rman_configuration;

Scripts for Reviewing Oracle Database Security Policies and Procedures

This guide provides a selection of SQL scripts that can be used to review the security policies and procedures of an Oracle database. These scripts will allow you to inspect various security aspects of the database including password policy settings, password history settings, account lockout policy settings, user roles and privileges, auditing settings, and encryption settings.

1. Check Password Policy Settings: Use the following SQL command to inspect the password policy settings of your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = 'PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';

2. Check Password History Settings: This SQL command will display the password history settings of your database.
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = 'PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME';

3. Check Account Lockout Policy Settings: To inspect the account lockout policy settings of your database, run the following command.
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = 'FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS';

4. Check User Roles and Privileges: These scripts provide details about the user roles and privileges in your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_roles;

   
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_role_privs;

   
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_sys_privs;

5. Check Database Auditing Settings: Use the following scripts to check the auditing settings of your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_audit_trail;

   
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_audit_object;

   
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_audit_session;

6. Check Database Encryption Settings: To inspect the encryption settings of your database, use these SQL commands.
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_encrypted_columns;

   
   

   SELECT * FROM dba_tablespace_encryption;

Scripts for Identifying Access Controls and Reviewing User Accounts and Privileges

This guide provides a selection of SQL scripts that can be used to review the user accounts, their privileges, and access controls in place on an Oracle database. These scripts will allow you to inspect user accounts and their status, account privileges, role hierarchy, object privileges granted to users, and system privileges granted to users.

1. Check User Accounts and Their Status: Use the following SQL command to inspect the user accounts and their status in your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT username, account_status FROM dba_users;

2. Check User Account Privileges: These SQL commands will display the privileges of user accounts in your database.
   

   SELECT grantee, granted_role, admin_option FROM dba_role_privs WHERE grantee IN (SELECT username FROM dba_users);

   
   

   SELECT grantee, privilege, admin_option FROM dba_sys_privs WHERE grantee IN (SELECT username FROM dba_users);

3. Check Role Hierarchy: To inspect the role hierarchy in your database, run the following command.
   

   SELECT * FROM role_role_privs;

4. Check Object Privileges Granted to Users: These scripts provide details about the object privileges granted to users in your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT grantee, owner, table_name, privilege FROM dba_tab_privs WHERE grantee IN (SELECT username FROM dba_users);

   
   

   SELECT grantee, owner, sequence_name, privilege FROM dba_seq_privs WHERE grantee IN (SELECT username FROM dba_users);

   
   

   SELECT grantee, owner, view_name, privilege FROM dba_views WHERE grantee IN (SELECT username FROM dba_users);

5. Check System Privileges Granted to Users: Use the following script to check the system privileges granted to users in your Oracle database.
   

   SELECT grantee, privilege FROM dba_sys_privs WHERE grantee IN (SELECT username FROM dba_users);

Note that these scripts are just examples and may need to be customized based on the specific database environment and requirements. It is recommended to review the Oracle documentation and seek assistance from a qualified Oracle database expert to ensure proper configuration and maintenance of the access controls and user accounts and privileges.